The literatures and cultures of India, in their rich profusion, offer a particularly fertile terrain for translators and translation scholars. Skillfully combining theoretical and practical reflections, the essays in this volume reveal the extent to which alterities are multiple and inventively entangled. Papers discuss translations into French from Prakrit (Sattasaī), Sanskrit and Tamil (Vedānta Deśika), Bengali (Jibanananda Das), and Urdu (Javed Akhtar), translations into Indian languages (Madame Bovary into Marathi, Markoosie from Inuktitut into Hindi via French), as well as translative (William Jones) and editorial (OUP) practices, and intercultural teaching (Tagore) in the Anglo-Indian context. From these Indian explorations emerge new ways to conceptualize the interplay of cultural discordances, the interweaving of relay languages, and the sometimes surprisingly creative relations among “familiar” and “distant” alterities.