Liisa Tiittula is Professor of German language (special field: Translation Studies) in the Department of Modern Languages at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Her research fields are literary translation, speech-to-text interpreting, multimodal interaction, and German-Finnish business communication. She is especially interested in the relationship between speech and writing and the transformation process between these two modalities. Her recent publications deal with the representation of speech in Finnish and translated fiction from the late 19th century to the beginning of the 2000s, as well as interpreting and subtitling for deaf and hard-of-hearing.